Pemberdayaan Lansia melalui Program NUCLEUS: Analisis Persepsi Kesehatan Mental dan Psikososial Lansia
Empowerment of Older Adults through the NUCLEUS Program: Analysis of Mental Health and Psychosocial Perceptions of Older Adults
Keywords:
Kesehatan Mental, Geriatric Depression Scale, Kesejahteraan Psikologis, Lansia, Keperawatan Komunitas, Program Nursing Udayana Caring People Around Us (NUCLEUS)Abstract
Meningkatnya populasi lansia di Indonesia, khususnya di Bali yang telah memasuki fase ageing population, membawa tantangan signifikan terkait kerentanan kesehatan mental. Lansia di wilayah perdesaan sering kali mengalami hambatan akses terhadap layanan kesehatan jiwa dan dukungan psikososial yang memadai. Program Nursing Udayana Caring People Around Us (NUCLEUS) dilaksanakan untuk menganalisis persepsi kesehatan mental dan kesejahteraan psikologis lansia di Desa Kukuh, Kabupaten Tabanan, melalui pendekatan keperawatan komunitas. Kegiatan ini menggunakan metode campuran (mixed methods) dengan desain eksplanatori sekuensial. Tahap awal melibatkan skrining kuantitatif terhadap 57 lansia menggunakan instrumen Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) dan skala kesejahteraan psikologis berbasis Likert (20 butir). Intervensi yang diberikan meliputi edukasi kesehatan mental, pemeriksaan fisik, dan bantuan sosial. Evaluasi kualitatif dilakukan empat bulan pasca-program melalui wawancara mendalam terhadap lima lansia untuk mengeksplorasi perubahan persepsi mereka. Data kuantitatif menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas lansia mengalami depresi ringan (56,1%) hingga sedang (36,8%), namun secara paradoks memiliki tingkat kesejahteraan psikologis yang sangat tinggi (61,4%) dan tinggi (38,6%). Temuan kualitatif mengonfirmasi bahwa program ini berhasil meningkatkan kepuasan hidup, semangat menjalani aktivitas harian, kemampuan pengelolaan emosi, serta memperkuat hubungan sosial dan penerimaan diri. Program NUCLEUS terbukti efektif sebagai model intervensi komunitas yang holistik dalam menjaga keseimbangan psikologis lansia serta berpotensi mencegah progresivitas depresi melalui penguatan dukungan sosial dan pemberdayaan
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