The Association of Restrained Eating, Obesogenic Food Consumption, Physical Activity, and Body Image with Overweight Among Adolescents at SMPN 1 Kelapa Dua Tangerang
Keywords:
Overweight, Restrained Eating, Consumption of Obesogenic Foods, Physical Activity, Body imageAbstract
Overweight among adolescents is a public health concern due to its increasing prevalence, rising globally from 8% to 20% among individuals aged 5–19 years. This condition increases the risk of persistence into adulthood and the development of non-communicable diseases. Besides dietary patterns and physical activity, behavioral factors such as restrained eating, obesogenic food consumption, and body image are considered to influence overweight. However, studies examining these factors among junior high school adolescents remain limited. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between restrained eating, obesogenic food consumption, physical activity, and body image with the incidence of overweight among adolescents. A cross-sectional design was conducted involving 75 eighth-grade students of SMPN 1 Kelapa Dua Tangerang selected using proportionate stratified random sampling. Restrained eating was assessed using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ), obesogenic food consumption using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), physical activity using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A), and body image using the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). Nutritional status was determined based on BMI-for-age (BMI/A). Bivariate analysis was performed using the Chi-Square test. The results showed significant associations between restrained eating (p=0.001; OR=14.025; 95% CI=3.847-51.126) and body image (p=0.001; OR=119.167; 95% CI=13.183-1077.203) with overweight. Meanwhile, obesogenic food consumption (p=1.000) and physical activity (p=0.335) were not significantly associated. In conclusion, restrained eating behavior and body image are important factors related to adolescent overweight. Therefore, school-based nutrition education should focus on promoting healthy eating behaviors and fostering a positive body image through counseling and regular nutritional status monitoring in School Health Services (UKS).
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